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1854 Calendar

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•  February 23, 1854 – The official independence of the Orange Free State is declared.
•  February 28, 1854 – The Republican Party of the United States is organized in Ripon, Wisconsin.
•  March 27, 1854 – Crimean War: The United Kingdom declares war on Russia.
•  March 31, 1854 – Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Treaty of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.
•  April 1, 1854 – Hard Times begins serialisation in Charles Dickens’ magazine, Household Words.
•  May 30, 1854 – The Kansas-Nebraska Act becomes law establishing the US territories of Nebraska and Kansas.
•  June 21, 1854 – The first Victoria Cross is awarded during the bombardment of Bomarsund in the Åland Islands.
•  July 6, 1854 – In Jackson, Michigan, the first convention of the United States Republican Party is held.
•  July 13, 1854 – In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General Jose Maria Yanez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon.
•  October 25, 1854 – The Battle of Balaklava during the Crimean War (Charge of the Light Brigade).

•  January 9, 1854 – Jennie Jerome, American socialite and mother of Winston Churchill (d. 1921)
•  February 17, 1854 – Friedrich Alfred Krupp, German industrialist (d. 1902)
•  March 14, 1854 – Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, Nobel laureate (d. 1915)
•  April 29, 1854 – Henri Poincaré, French mathematician and physicist (d. 1912)
•  May 15, 1854 – Ioannis Psycharis, Greek author and linguist (d. 1929)
•  July 4, 1854 – Bill Tilghman, American peace officer (d. 1924)
•  July 26, 1854 – Philippe Gaucher, French dermatologist (d. 1918)
•  September 17, 1854 – David Dunbar Buick, American automobile pioneer (d. 1929)
•  October 16, 1854 – Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (d. 1900)
•  November 8, 1854 – Johannes Rydberg, Swedish physicist (d. 1919)