1865 Calendar
A year scroll with Latin text from β€œThe Extremes of Good and Evil” by Cicero, written in 45 BC.

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Historical Event(s)

– American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins. By the end of the battle two days later, Confederate forces had retreated from Four Oaks, North Carolina.
– American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks – In Siege of Petersburg, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
– American Civil War: The Battle of Sayler’s Creek – Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia.
– American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.
– The New York State Senate creates Cornell University as the state’s land grant institution.
– The Empire of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay sign the Treaty of the Triple Alliance
– American Civil War: four conspirators in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln are hanged.
– First ascent of the Matterhorn by Edward Whymper and party, four of whom die on the descent.
– In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first western showdown.
– Battle of Papudo: A Spanish navy Schooner is defeated by a Chilean Corvette north of Valparaiso, Chile.

Who Were Born On ?

– Henry Lytton, British actor and opera singer (d. 1936)
– Winnaretta Singer, Princesse Edmond de Polignac, an American patron of French music, and of the arts, sciences, and letters (d. 1943)
– George Lohmann, English cricketer (d. 1901)
– William Butler Yeats, Irish writer, Nobel laureate (d. 1937)
– King Ferdinand I of Romania (d. 1927)
– Paul Dukas, French composer (d. 1935)
– Arthur Harden, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
– Benjamin Guggenheim, American businessman (d. 1912)
– Jacques Hadamard, French mathematician (d. 1963)
– Rudyard Kipling, English writer, Nobel laureate (d. 1936)